COMPARATIVE EFFICACY STUDY OF DIMINAZINE ACETURATE, KAEMPFEROL AND THEIR COMBINATION ON EXPERIMENTAL Trypanosoma brucei brucei INFECTION IN MICE

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COMPARATIVE EFFICACY STUDY OF DIMINAZINE ACETURATE, KAEMPFEROL AND THEIR COMBINATION ON EXPERIMENTAL Trypanosoma brucei brucei INFECTION IN MICE

 

Abstract:

In this study, the comparative efficacy study of kaempferol, diminazene aceturate and their combination against experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in mice was determined. Thirty six adult swiss albino mice both sexes weighing between 18 and 22 grams were randomly divided into six groups (I, II, III, IV, V and VI) of six mice each. Mice in group I were neither treated nor infected (un-infected, normal control). Mice in group II were pre-treated prophylactically with kaempferol (1 mg/kg per os) for 14 consecutive days prior to infection. Mice in groups II to VI each were inoculated with blood containing Trypanosoma brucei brucei (106 trypanosomes/ml of blood/animal) intraperitoneally (I.P). Following detection of parasitaemia, mice in group III were treated once with diminazene aceturate (3.5 mg/kg) I.P only. Mice in group IV were treated with diminazene aceturate (3.5 mg/kg) once I.P, and then continued with kaempferol (1 mg/kg per os) for nine consecutive days. Mice in group V were treated with kaempferol (1 mg/kg per os) only for nine consecutive days. Mice in group VI were given normal saline (5 ml/kg per os) only for nine consecutive days. Nine days post-infection, all mice were sacrificed by severing their jugular veins, blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analyses, while tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination. The results obtained showed significant differences between the levels of parasitaemia and survival rate of mice in groups II and VI. Following infection with Trypanosoma brucei brucei mean packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in groups II and VI when compared to groups III, IV and V. Similarly, Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in groups II and VI when compared to groups III, IV and V. The percentage of red blood cell haemolysis at 0.5%, 0.7% and 0.9% NaCl concentrations was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in groups II and VI when compared to groups III, IV and V. 9 Total leucocyte count significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in groups II and VI when compared to groups III, IV and V. The mean lymphocytes and neutrophil count reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in groups II and VI when compared to groups III, IV and V. There were significant (P < 0.05) increases in the mean alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in groups II and VI when compared to groups III, IV and V. Antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase increased significantly (P < 0.05) in groups III, IV and V when compared to groups II and VI. Serum level of malondialdehyde significantly (P < 0.05) increased in groups II and VI when compared to groups III, IV and V. In conclusion, kaempferol possesses antitrypanosomal activity and probably stimulate host immunity to control the proliferation of the parasite in the blood.

 

COMPARATIVE EFFICACY STUDY OF DIMINAZINE ACETURATE, KAEMPFEROL AND THEIR COMBINATION ON EXPERIMENTAL Trypanosoma brucei brucei INFECTION IN MICE

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