EVALUATION OF SOME CYTOKINES IN UNINJURED AND CUTANEOUSLY INJURED NIGERIAN INDIGENOUS DOGS AT THE VETERINARY TEACHING HOSPITAL, ZARIA

EVALUATION OF SOME CYTOKINES IN UNINJURED AND CUTANEOUSLY INJURED NIGERIAN INDIGENOUS DOGS AT THE VETERINARY TEACHING HOSPITAL, ZARIA

Abstract: Twelve apparently healthy Nigerian indigenous dogs (NIDs) (6 males and 6 females) within the age range of 9 – 13 months and weight range of 8 – 12 kilograms were assigned to experimental (injured dogs) and control (uninjured dogs) groups to determine the levels of some cytokines and blood cell counts in cutaneously injured and uninjuredNIDs at the Ahmadu Bello University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Both circulatory (serum) and wound fluid cytokines were studied in experimental group, while those in control group were used to study circulatory cytokines. Blood samples from each dog were collected via cephalic venopuncture at start (pre-operative), 12, 36, 60, 156 and 324 hours post operative and refrigerated in plain (for harvesting of serum) and anticoagulant-containing (for blood cell counts) sample bottles. Serum and wound fluid collected at 12, 36, 60 and 156 hours were stored at -20 oC for cytokine assay. Canine specific ELISA kits were used to assay for concentrations of cytokines [interleukin (IL) -6, -8, -10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) – α] as described in Abcam product protocol (ABCAM® UK, 2015). Results revealed peak concentrations of IL-6 in wound fluid (1.33. ± 0.33 ng/mL) and serum (1.13 ± 0.74 ng/mL) at 12 h, post-operation were higher (P < 0.01) than the control (0.30 ± 0.05 ng/mL). There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in circulatory IL-8 levels between experimental and control group. Circulatory IL-10 concentration (1.67 ± 0.33 ng/mL) was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those in wound fluid (0.87 ± 0.03 ng/mL) of experimental and control (0.94 ± 0.17 ng/mL) groups at 156 h. The concentrations of TNF-α in wound fluid (130.22 ± 35.15 pg/mL) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in serum (44.50 15.92 pg/mL) of the experimental group at 36 h, while the serum (116.17 ± 60.27 pg/mL) was higher than the control (29.79 ± 7.47 pg/mL) values at 60 h post-operation. Mean haematocrit of 0.354 ± 0.01 recorded at 12 hours post-operation in the experimental group was lower than the corresponding values of 0.364 ± 0.00 recorded in the control group. The total Leucocyte counts remained within the normal limits with minimal changes in differential cellular activitiesof theexperimental and control group.Significant correlations of serum IL-6 with wound fluid IL-6 (r = 0.827; P < 0.05), wound fluid IL-6 with HCT (r = – 0.893; P < 0.05) and RBC (r = – 0.923; P <0.01), wound fluid IL-6 with monocytes (r = 0.818; P < 0.05), serum IL-10 with lymphocytes (r = 0.846; P < 0.05) and wound fluid TNF-α with monocytes (r = 0.824; P = 0.05) were observed in injured NIDs. Interleukin (IL) -6, -8, -10 and TNF-α of the experimental group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of the control group of NIDs. Significant correlations were observed with IL -6, -10 and TNF-α and red blood cells, lymphocytes and monocytes of the NIDs within a range of r = 0.818 – 0.923. In conclusion, maximum mean concentrations of interleukin (IL) -6, -8, -10 and TNF – α detected at 450 nm from uninjured NIDs were 0.30 ± 0.05 ng/mL, 383.16 ± 157.57 pg/mL, 0.94 ± 0.17 ng/mL and 47.06 ± 14.34 pg/mL, respectively

EVALUATION OF SOME CYTOKINES IN UNINJURED AND CUTANEOUSLY INJURED NIGERIAN INDIGENOUS DOGS AT THE VETERINARY TEACHING HOSPITAL, ZARIA

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