Development of Physics Teaching and Learning in School Using the Electron Gas Model in Lower Secondary Schools

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Development of Physics Teaching and Learning in School Using the Electron Gas Model in Lower Secondary Schools

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

The knowledge of Science is the establishment whereupon greater part of current day mechanical leap forward is raised. As of now, countries throughout the world plus Nigeria are endeavoring toughness to grow mechanically and experimentally, meanwhile the universe spinning logical and all appropriate understanding depend conspicuously in science.

Owolabi (2004) considered science is the basic piece of human culture. Its impact is felt in every area of man endeavor, thus much that it is unpredictably coupled with a country’s progression. Science as a field of study has done a considerable measure for humankind. Case in point, science has been made a substantial measure less demanding for human as an aftereffect of the advancements in science. Through the knowledge of science,  human being has overcome the capacity to better understand his environments and this has allowed him to regulate the conditions of his environments to satisfy his own desire. Science has also made it feasible for human being to secure his coveted requirements painlessly. It has decreased man desires to the simplest minimum.

Ogunleye (2000) recognized that science is a dynamic man activities concerned with understanding the workings of our universe. This comprehension preserves an eye on to know more about the universe. Depriving  the uses of science, it would have been unimaginable for human being to find other planets of the space. Additionally, the attention to the occurrence of different worlds would not have been known without science.

Various studies have verified that student in Secondary schools are not particularly keen on science. Furthermore, Physics as one of the science subjects has stayed a standout among the most intense subjects in the school educational system NERDC (2005).  Owolabi (2004) revealed that the implementation of Nigeria secondary school Students in standard level Physics was for the most part reduced. This was credited by the author to numerous variables of teaching was considered as a critical element and lacking instructional resource.

Asaolu S, Holland C, Jegede et al. (1992) reported components responsible for understudy overall reduced execution in science, innovation and   mathematics. These are inadequate research center offices, failure of the Physics educators to put crosswise over thoughts unmistakably to the understudies and insufficient number of learning classroom s in schools as against steady increment in the quantity of understudies. Physics as a science subject is movement situated and the proposed strategy for showing it which is guided revelation technique is asset base (NTI, 2007). This backers that the dominance of Physics idea can’t be completely accomplished without the utilization of instructional learning material. The educating of Physics without learning materials will absolutely result to poor execution in the course.

Bassey (2002) viewed that science is asset concentrated. Besides, at time of monetary droop, it will be extremely hard to satisfactorily discover a portion of the electronic contraptions and hardware for Physics in Schools. A circumstance that was exacerbated by the running swelling in the nation and regularly un-relatedness of a portion of the imported up-to-date materials and gear; henceforth the requirement to deliver  locally.

Analysts, for example, Ogunleye (2000), Okonkwo (2000), Mkpanang (2005) and Obioha (2006) stated that there were inadequate resources for the instructing of science subjects in optional schools in Nigeria. They assist expressed that where there were little resources, they are not ordinarily in good conditions, while the little that were in great conditions were insufficient to go round the individuals who required them. Subsequently there is necessity for impromptu creation.

Omosewo (2008) and Akinsola (2000), reflected that human components such as the teacher’s expert responsibility, inventiveness, mechanical abilities, activity and creativity. They found that a significant number of Nigerian science instructors knew about probability of ad lib yet various indicated poor states of awareness towards extemporization. They moreover noticed that not very many educators hone Improvisation while greater part relies on upon imported gear and claim that ad lib is backbreaking and reserve exhausting. The creators additionally noticed that student as well, had practically zero zeal for act of spontaneity. Onasanya et al. (2008) , Adebimpe (1997) and Aguisiobo (1998) noticed the act of spontaneity desires enterprise, imagination, interest and determination with respect to the instructor. The author incorporated that such abilities are just possible through all around arranged preparing program on act of spontaneity.

Akinyemi and Orukota (1995) noticed that spontaneous creation whether they cost not as much

as standard produced ones or not they cost cash. He included that the cash is not promptly accessible to educator.

The purposes of any instructive procedure decide the substance, strategies and materials necessary for accomplishing such goals. The materials employed for enhancing instructional viability are parts of media utilized for accomplishing the instructional destinations. Bassey (2002) portrayed instructional media as framework segments that might be utilized as parts of instructional procedures which are utilized to communicate data, message and thoughts or which make conceivable correspondence in the educating learning process.

Experience through decade has established that educators have remained dependent the  best utilization of words to  express thoughts or certainties in the teaching and learning process. This exercise is termed the “chalk-talk” strategy. Today, propels in innovation have made it conceivable to deliver materials and gadgets that could be utilized to minimize the educators talking and in the meantime, make the message clearer, all the more fascinating and less demanding for the learners to acclimatize (Onasanya et al., 2008). As per Soetan et al. (2010), representation integrate diagrams, notices, portrays, cartoons, charts and drawings. The Representation conveys truths and thoughts plainly through blend of drawings, words and pictures. The utilization of design in showing produces conclusiveness to the materials being considered. They envision the entire ideas thought and their associations with each other.

The part of realistic materials in visual correspondence is both one of a kind and noteworthy.

Verifiably, pictures are fundamental piece of illustration have made it possible, the whole scope of composed language used as a part of the universe. The educational estimation of graphical descriptions relent on their capability to draw in consideration and pass on detailed knowledge in consolidated structure (Onasanya and Adegbija, 2007).

Okpala et al. (1998) began that graphical delineations give a typical affair to an extensive assembly in the meantime. Okpala et al. (1998) additionally compressed the estimations of realistic for instructional configuration as tails: They require no special machine for projection, the teacher is sure about controlling the material, their spontaneous creation supports more inventiveness and expansion of showing strategies, they are anything but difficult to protect and they could bring inside least cost and most extreme productivity. Onasanya and Adegbija ( 2007) condensed the part of solid models as takes after: disentanglement of complex marvels, concretization of complex wonders, spanning of crevices in separation and time amongst marvels and classroom occasions, improving of student capacity to communicate in science.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

(Ifeakor, 2000) found that understudy accomplish more noteworthy education as resistant in securing of mental and psychomotor aptitudes when instructional resource are utilized for educational purposes. The National Policy on Education (FRN, 2004) stipulates methods in attaining the destinations of material science instruction with the founding of Teachers Resource Centers, Educational Resource Centres and Science and Mathematics Centers and Workshops. lNworgu(1997)and Ayodele (2002) watched that there is a changing pattern in student’s execution in material science at secondary school.

Okafor (2000) cleared up that the poor capital investment to the extent gameplan of science resources add to understudies’ low level of academic execution. Study from above is prerequisite for assessment of resource for teaching and learning physics in Minna, Niger state.

1.3       Aims and Objective of the Study

The research is aimed at investigating the following attribute of teaching resources in secondary schools in Minna metropolis

Determine the resources that are available for teaching and learning physics.

Determine the adequacy of resources for teaching and learning physics.

Determine functionality of resources for teaching and learning physics.

Determine the novelty(modern) of resources for teaching and learning.

Determine the accessibility of resources for teaching and learning physics.

1.4        Research Questions

The following research question will be answered:

What are the available resources for teaching and learning physics in secondary school in Minna, Niger state?

What are the adequate resources for teaching and learning physics in secondary school in Minna, Niger state?

What are the functional resources for teaching and learning physics in secondary school in Minna, Niger state?

What are the modern resources for teaching and learning physics in secondary school in Minna, Niger state?

What are accessible resources for teaching and learning physics in secondary school in Minna, Niger state?

1.5       Scope of the Study

This research is going to take place in Niger State, Minna, Federal University of technology, Model secondary school.

The interested physics resources to be divided into five sections namely;

Physical facilities which sub entail teaching and learning resources like physics laboratories, projector, chart/model, chairs, computer and library.

Mechanics facilities which sub entail teaching and learning resources like vernier calipers, micrometer screw gauge, eureka can, burrete, measuring cylinder, volumetric flask, pipette, spring balance, masses, bar magnet, pointer, retort stand, spring and capillary tube.

Heat concept facilities which sub entail teaching and learning resources like thermometer, Bunsen burner, heater, bimetallic strip, thermos flask, calorimeter and stirrer.

Electricity concept facilities which sub entail teaching and learning resources like ebonite rod, gold leaf electroscope, aluminum foil, galvanometer, standard resistor, voltmeter, variable resistor, ammeter, battery/cell, conducting wire and bulb.

Optics concept facilities which sub entails plane mirror, concave mirror, convex mirror, rectangular prism, triangular prism, concave lens and convex lens.

Wave concept facilities which sub entail teaching and learning resources like vibrating fork, rope, ripple tank, spring

1.6       Significance of the Study

Encounters from this work could be of improvement to educators, understudies, educational programs planers as takes after;

Understudy could profit by the discoveries of this work as in idea learnt can be simple maintenance. The utilization of direction material allows the understudy to touch, noticing or taste object in the instructing and learning process. The information passed unto the understudy at various level of training guideline ought to be very much arranged and legitimately unified with significant learning assets for clarity and fathomability hold in this manner making figuring out how to be concrete.

The study will upgrade showing viability and efficiency. Educator who use instructional material are of high esteem in attributing data, clearing up troublesome and theoretical, idea, fortifying thought, molding perception and stirring interest and fulfill individual diverse.

Teacher can also benefit from the study to see the important in the use modern teaching and learning resources.

Stakeholder and whole education sector (ministry of education) in the private and public schools could also benefit from the study to see the need to investing and acquiring learning resources to the secondary school for easy grasping of content thought and also help in founding of the learning resources center in various state like educational resource center.

1.7 Operational Definition of Term

Resources: a reserve supply of teaching resources i (the material and non-material for teaching and learning)

Physics facilities: they are instructional material for teaching and learning physics both practical and theory aspect.

Assessment: checking if teaching and learning resources are available, adequate, functional, modern and accessible.

Development of Physics Teaching and Learning in School Using the Electron Gas Model in Lower Secondary Schools

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