EVALUATION OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY FOR AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION IN NIGERIA

EVALUATION OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY FOR AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION IN NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

In the Ado Local Government Area of Ekiti State, the study areas (Water Works, Antje, and Kurundu) are located. They are, respectively, located within latitudes T 45’N and 7 0 25′ N and longitudes 5 0 60’E and 6 0 00’E. The study area is also located in southwest Nigeria’s basement complex. Migmatities, granite gneisses, quartzites, charnockites, and granites are among the predominant lithologies. Surface water in the research sites was examined physically, chemically, and bacteriologically to determine its appropriateness for irrigation usage. Numerous locations within the study areas were used to gather water samples. The physical, chemical, and bacteriological characteristics of three different surface glasses of water were sampled and compared to FAO (2006) standards. According to the physical parameter, PH ranges from the chemical parameter showed that the pH ranges from 7.4 to 7.7, which is somewhat alkaline, and that the total dissolved solids (80 to Total hardness is 99 to 149 mg/l, total alkalinity is 98.40 to 101.67 mg/l, EC is 124 to 179us/cm, chloride is 16.30 to 34.40 mg/l, nitrate is 0.91 to 1.47 mg/l, sulfate is 34.10 to 69.04 mg/l, BOD is 1.7 to 1.9 mg/l, and the total coliform count is between 9 and 14 cf Facial streptococci, S. aureus, PB (0.030 to 0.107 ppm), Zn (0.174 to 0.245 ppm), Fe (0.741 to 1.92 ppm), Cu (0.083 to 0.187 ppm), and Mn are all positive, whereas E. coli is (negative to positive) (0.047 to 0.1 13ppm). Some meet the FAO (2006) criterion, while others are above and below it. The overall PH and TSS for each sample to meet the established standard.

 

TITLE PAGE…
. . Il
ABSTRACT…
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………… …..
LIST OF FIGURES………….. …………… vi
LIST OF TABLES……………………. .. vii
1. 1
1.2 Scope of Work ……………………….. ………………….2
1.3 Justification …………………………………….2

2.2.2.1 Water pollution due to natural causes…………….
2.2.2.2 Water pollution due to anthropogenic causes…………………………………………

2.3 Nutrients in surface water…… . … ……….11

2.4 Bacteria in Surface Water. 14

CHAPTER THREE………… . . .. ………………… 17

MATERIALS AND METHOD……… . 17
3. 1 Sampling Procedures .. 17
3.2 Determination of Nitrate. 20
3.3 Chloride Determination…………….. . …. ….. ….. 21
CHAPTER FOUR…………………. …. . .. ………………………………29
RESULT AND DISCUSSION………………………. ..29

CHAPTER FIVE…………… . ………………………….39
5.1 Conclusion…………………………… . …39
5.2 Recommendation.
5.3 References. . . . . . . . ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..42

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