CULTURAL PRACTICES AND THE HIV EPIDEMIC IN SWAZILAND

CULTURAL PRACTICES AND THE HIV EPIDEMIC IN SWAZILAND: STUDENT’S PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES FOR SCHOOL COUNSELLORS 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page                                                                                  i

Declaration                                                                                ii

Approval Page                                                                           iii

Dedication                                                                                  iv

Abstract                                                                                     vi

Table of Contents                                                                      vii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1    Inroduction                                                 1

1.2  Background of the study       3

1.3    Statement of the General Problem                                  4

1.4    Objective of the study                                                       5

1.5    Significance of the study                                                  5

1.6    Statement of hypothesis                                                   6

1.7    Scope of the study                                                             6

1.8    Limitation of the study                                                     7

1.9    Definition of terms                                                            7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0    Introduction                                                                      9

2.1    Review of related literature                                             9

2.2    Theoretical framework

2.3    Summary of review                                                           33

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1    Introduction                                                                      35

3.2    Research design                                                                35

3.3    Area of study                                                                    35

3.4    Population of the study                                                    36

3.5    Sample size                                                                       36

3.6    Instrument for data collection                                          36

3.7    Reliability of the instrument                                            37

3.8    Validity of the Instrument                                               38

3.9    Method of data Collection                                                 38

3.10  Method of Data Analysis                                                  39

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1    Introduction                                                                      41

4.2    Characteristics of the respondents                                   41

4.3    Presentation of Data Analysis                                         43

4.4    Discussion of Findings                                                     48

4.5    Summary of findings                                                        49

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1    Summary                                                                          51

5.2    Conclusion                                                                        52

5.3    Recommendation                                                              53

Biography                                                                         54

Appendix                                                                           56

Abstract:
The HIV epidemic continues to pose significant challenges in countries like Swaziland, where cultural practices and beliefs play a crucial role in shaping societal norms and behaviors. This study aims to explore the perspectives of students regarding cultural practices and their impact on the spread of HIV, as well as the challenges faced by school counsellors in addressing these issues.

The research adopted a qualitative approach, utilizing interviews and focus group discussions with a diverse group of students from different schools in Swaziland. The participants were selected through purposive sampling, ensuring representation from both rural and urban areas. Thematic analysis was employed to identify recurring themes and patterns within the data.

The findings revealed that cultural practices, such as polygamy, gender inequality, and traditional healing practices, influenced students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding HIV prevention and treatment. Students expressed concerns about the stigma and discrimination associated with HIV, which often discouraged individuals from seeking testing and treatment. Furthermore, the lack of comprehensive sexuality education and limited access to contraceptives were identified as additional barriers to effective HIV prevention efforts.

School counsellors faced numerous challenges in addressing these issues. They encountered resistance from community leaders and traditional authorities who were reluctant to challenge long-standing cultural practices. Additionally, limited training and resources hindered their ability to provide adequate support and information to students.

To address these challenges, the study recommends the implementation of comprehensive sexuality education programs that incorporate local cultural contexts, empowering students with accurate information about HIV prevention and treatment. It also emphasizes the importance of involving community leaders in raising awareness and challenging harmful cultural practices. Moreover, the study calls for increased training and support for school counsellors to enhance their capacity in addressing HIV-related issues effectively.

In conclusion, this study highlights the critical role of cultural practices in shaping the HIV epidemic in Swaziland. By understanding students’ perspectives and the challenges faced by school counsellors, policymakers and educators can develop targeted interventions that promote culturally sensitive approaches to HIV prevention and support in schools and communities.

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