AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN ZIMBABWE: A BRIEF REVIEW OF TRENDS, CONDITIONS, CHALLENGES, AND INTERVENTION PRACTICES

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN ZIMBABWE: A BRIEF REVIEW OF TRENDS, CONDITIONS, CHALLENGES, AND INTERVENTION PRACTICES 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page                                                                                  i

Declaration                                                                                ii

Approval Page                                                                           iii

Dedication                                                                                  iv

Abstract                                                                                     vi

Table of Contents                                                                      vii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1    Introduction                                                 1

1.2  Background of the study       3

1.3    Statement of the General Problem                                  4

1.4    Objective of the study                                                       5

1.5    Significance of the study                                                  5

1.6    Statement of hypothesis                                                   6

1.7    Scope of the study                                                             6

1.8    Limitation of the study                                                     7

1.9    Definition of terms                                                            7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0    Introduction                                                                      9

2.1    Review of related literature                                             9

2.2    Theoretical framework

2.3    Summary of review                                                           33

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1    Introduction                                                                      35

3.2    Research design                                                                35

3.3    Area of study                                                                    35

3.4    Population of the study                                                    36

3.5    Sample size                                                                       36

3.6    Instrument for data collection                                          36

3.7    Reliability of the instrument                                            37

3.8    Validity of the Instrument                                               38

3.9    Method of data Collection                                                 38

3.10  Method of Data Analysis                                                  39

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1    Introduction                                                                      41

4.2    Characteristics of the respondents                                   41

4.3    Presentation of Data Analysis                                         43

4.4    Discussion of Findings                                                     48

4.5    Summary of findings                                                        49

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1    Summary                                                                          51

5.2    Conclusion                                                                        52

5.3    Recommendation                                                              53

Biography                                                                         54

Appendix                                                                           56

Abstract:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication and interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. This abstract provides a brief review of the trends, conditions, challenges, and intervention practices related to ASD in Zimbabwe.

Despite limited data on the prevalence of ASD in Zimbabwe, there is growing recognition of the disorder within the country. The lack of comprehensive epidemiological studies poses a challenge in fully understanding the prevalence and impact of ASD on individuals, families, and communities. However, anecdotal evidence and emerging research suggest that the prevalence of ASD in Zimbabwe is likely to be similar to global estimates.

Zimbabwe faces several conditions that may contribute to the challenges faced by individuals with ASD and their families. These conditions include limited awareness and understanding of ASD among the general population, inadequate diagnostic services, limited availability of trained professionals, and limited access to appropriate educational and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, poverty, cultural beliefs, and stigmatization may further exacerbate the challenges faced by individuals with ASD and their families in Zimbabwe.

Intervention practices for ASD in Zimbabwe are gradually developing, albeit with several barriers. Early intervention programs, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and behavioral interventions are among the available services in urban areas. However, these services are often concentrated in major cities, limiting access for individuals residing in rural areas. Furthermore, financial constraints, lack of trained professionals, and limited resources pose significant challenges in implementing and sustaining effective intervention practices.

To address the challenges associated with ASD in Zimbabwe, there is a need for increased awareness, advocacy, and capacity building. Efforts should focus on improving diagnostic services, expanding the availability of trained professionals, and enhancing the accessibility of intervention services, especially in rural areas. Collaboration between government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and relevant stakeholders is crucial to ensure a comprehensive and sustainable approach to supporting individuals with ASD and their families in Zimbabwe.

While progress has been made in recent years, further research and investment are required to fully understand and address the unique needs of individuals with ASD in Zimbabwe. By prioritizing awareness, education, and intervention, Zimbabwe can work towards creating a more inclusive and supportive environment for individuals on the autism spectrum and their families.

Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Zimbabwe, prevalence, challenges, intervention practices.

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